• Engorged Breasts - Caused by retaining large amounts of breastmilk within a 24-48 hour period. This problem can be relieved by using a heat pack, softly massaging the breast before feeding, or using a breast pump to extract breast milk. Consult a doctor if symptoms do not improve within 2 days.

• Plugged Milk Ducts - Occurs from blockage in the milk duct(s) in some areas of the breasts. A blockage can leave the breast feeling hard or with hard lumps that can be felt around the breast. It can be relieved by using a heat pack, softly massaging the breast before feeding, or using a breast pump to extract breast milk. Consult a doctor if the lumps have not dissipated within 2 days.

• Mastitis - Caused by breastmilk retention, leading to a bacterial infection and inflammation, resulting in breast pain, swelling, warmness, and redness. The mother may also feel fatigued and have a high fever. It’s recommended to consult a doctor.

• Breast Abscess - A breast abscess is a complication of mastitis, causing the infected area of the breast to become purulent. It is recommended to consult a doctor.

• Sore and Cracked Nipples - Often caused by holding the child incorrectly while breastfeeding, and as a result, the child being unable to latch on correctly. This can make feeding painful. It is recommended to consult a doctor.

* Breast Ultrasound is the process of expanding the milk ducts using high frequency sound waves. It is a recommended treatment for cases of breast engorgement or plugged milk ducts, and allows milk to flow more easily from blocked ducts.