Cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with a clear artificial lens. The following surgical techniques can be used to achieve this:

• Phacoemulsification
• Femtosecond laser

Although cataracts can occur in people of all ages, they are more common in older people. In most cases, cataracts are simply an effect of the aging process. However, there are certain risk factors which can cause cataracts to appear in younger people.

• Long-term exposure to ultraviolet light
• Eye diseases such as iris inflammation, eye infection
• Underlying diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure and thyroid disease
• Eye injury or inflammation
• Congenital defect caused by maternal infection with rubella
• Long-term use of steroid medications 

• Get enough sleep
• Choose a healthy diet
• Give your eyes a break from time to time after long hours of focusing, such as from reading or using a computer
• Wear sunglasses that block ultraviolet light, do not look directly at the sun
• Avoid eye injuries and accidents
• Have your eyes checked regularly. People over the age of 40 should have their eyes tested once a year.