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Knee osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear of the knee cartilage, which is responsible for protecting and reducing the impact on the bones within the joint. If a large area of knee cartilage is affected, the bones in the knee joint will rub together causing inflammation and pain.

Generally, in cases of knee joint deterioration, it initially involves the inner part of the knee joint. However, with increased wear and tear, all three compartments of the joint may be affected — the inside of the joint, the outside of the joint and the kneecap (patella).