Test Code (รหัสการทดสอบ):
090-70-1410
Order Name (ชื่อการทดสอบ):
Respiratory pathogens 33 (RP33), PCR, Nasopharyngeal Swab
Clinical Information (ข้อมูลทางคลินิก):
Respiratory viruses, bacteria and fungi can cause the lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) that range in severity, and have the potential to cause severe disease especially in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Lower respiratory symptoms can include shortness of breath, weakness, high fever, coughing, and fatigue. Due to the similarity of diseases caused by many viruses and bacteria, diagnosis based on clinical symptoms alone is difficult. About 90% of the LRTI cases are caused by different viruses, such as adenovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza, influenza, and rhinovirus and less than 10% to bacteria, such as Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. However, antibiotics are often prescribed for respiratory infections despite the viral etiology in 90% of cases. Clarity on the causative pathogen in respiratory illness aids patient diagnosis and treatment management and can help to reduce over prescribing of antibiotics.
Reference Value (ค่าอ้างอิง):
| Parameter |
Reference value |
| Influenza A |
Negative |
| Influenza A (H1N1) |
Negative |
| Influenza B |
Negative |
| Influenza C |
Negative |
| Rhinovirus |
Negative |
| Coronavirus 229E |
Negative |
| Coronavirus NL63 |
Negative |
| Coronavirus HKU1 |
Negative |
| Coronavirus OC43 |
Negative |
| Parainfluenza 1 |
Negative |
| Parainfluenza 2 |
Negative |
| Parainfluenza 3 |
Negative |
| Parainfluenza 4 |
Negative |
| Metapneumovirus A/B |
Negative |
| Bocavirus |
Negative |
| Respiratory syncytial virus A/B |
Negative |
| Parechovirus |
Negative |
| Enterovirus |
Negative |
| Adenovirus |
Negative |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Negative |
| Chlamydophila pneumoniae |
Negative |
| Legionella pneumophila/Legionella longbeachae |
Negative |
| Staphylococcus aureus |
Negative |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Negative |
| Haemophilus Influenzae |
Negative |
| Haemophilus Influenzae Type B |
Negative |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae |
Negative |
| Salmonella spp. |
Negative |
| Moraxella catarrhalis |
Negative |
| Pneumocystis jirovecii |
Negative |
| Bordetella spp. except Bordetella parapertussis |
Negative |
Interpretation (การแปลผล):
This test may not be able to differentiate newly emerging Influenza A HA subtypes. The detection of pathogen nucleic acids is dependent upon proper specimen collection, handling, transportation, storage and preparation (including extraction). There is a risk of false negative values resulting from improperly collected, transported, or handled specimens. Negative results do not preclude influenza virus infection and should not be used as the sole basis for treatment or other patient management decisions. Positive results do not rule out co-infection with other pathogens. Detection of bacterial nucleic acid may be indicative of colonizing or normal respiratory flora and may not indicate the causative agent of pneumonia. The agent detected may not be the definite cause of disease. The use of additional laboratory testing (e.g. bacterial and viral culture, immunofluorescence, and radiography) and clinical presentation must be taken into consideration in order to obtain the final diagnosis of respiratory tract infection.
Clinical Reference (เอกสารอ้างอิง):
Manufacturer’s package inserts. FTD Respiratory pathogens 33, February 2018, Fast Track Diagnostics, rue Henri Koch, L4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.