Dengue vaccine (Qdenga®) can prevent dengue fever caused by various strains of dengue virus. Those aged to years, whether having been infected with dengue before, can be vaccinated with no need for antibody test before vaccination.
- The vaccine efficacy in preventing dengue fever is 80.2%.
- The vaccine efficacy in preventing hospitalization due to dengue fever is 90.4%.
- 2 injections, 3 months apart.
The quadrivalent influenza vaccine consisting of hemagglutinin (HA) antigens derived from four inactivated influenza viruses, two different influenza type A strains and two different influenza type B strains, is recommended for all individuals aged 6 months and over annually.
The high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine is designed for more effective protection against 4 strains of influenza virus, especially for the elderly aged 65 years and above, as they are at higher risk of severe complications from influenza. Its efficacy is reflected in a 24.2% reduction in the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza, a 64.4% reduction in hospitalization from influenza or pneumonia, and a 48.9% decrease in the mortality rate, compared to the standard trivalent influenza vaccine.
Hepatitis A vaccines (Havrix, Avaxim) are used to create active immunization against hepatitis A infection. It is suitable for those at risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus.
- Havrix: Adults aged 19 years and older should get 2 doses of vaccine, with the second dose given 6-12 months after the first dose.
- Avaxim: Adults aged 16 years and older should get 2 doses of vaccine, with the second dose given 6-12 months after the first dose.
- The vaccine efficacy in preventing hepatitis A infection: 94-100%
- Long-term protection against hepatitis A infection: more than 10 years.
- The vaccine contains a protein from the surface of the virus (HBsAg) that stimulates the body's immune response and prevents infection. It is recommended for all infants at birth.
There are 2 types of shingles vaccines:
- A live vaccine that can prevent shingles in adults aged 50-59 years by 69.8% and prevent post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), a long-term nerve pain by 66.5%
- A non-live, recombinant subunit vaccine using that glycoprotein E (gE) that can prevent shingles in adults aged 50 years and older by 97.2% and prevent post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), a long-term nerve pain by 91.2%
The 9-valent HPV vaccine can be given to both males and females aged 9–45 years.
All three vaccines contain live, attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella virus. It is indicated for use in both children and adults. It is also classified as a mandatory vaccine for all children by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society of Thailand.
Pneumococcal infection is caused by a bacterium called Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) which can cause middle ear infection (otitis media), sinus infection (sinusitis). It can also cause lung infection (pneumonia), bloodstream infection, and brain infection (meningitis), which can lead to serious or fatal complications. However, pneumococcal infection can be prevented by vaccination.
- Diphtheria (D-Diphtheria) is a contagious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae which releases a toxin that causes a buildup of grey tissue in the throat thus narrowing the respiratory system, muscle paralysis, and heart failure. A severe case could be fatal. Despite treatment, about 1 in 10 people can die from this infection.
- Tetanus (T-Tetanus) is a life-threatening disease caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. The toxins cause muscle spasms throughout the body, which can lead to a “locking of the jaw” condition where the person cannot open their mouth, swallow or even breathe. Tetanus can kill up to 1 in 5 people who are infected.
- Pertussis (P-Pertussis or Whooping cough) is a respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The bacteria causes severe, uncontrollable coughing. Up to 1 in 20 adults who contract pertussis require hospitalization or develop complications. The concern is that adults who have pertussis can spread it to infants, who are at greatest risk of developing severe, life-threatening symptoms.
It is 82.6% effective in preventing the lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in adults aged 60 years and older. The vaccine preventive efficacy is up to 94.6% for adults aged 60 years and older with at least one of the following comorbidities: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic respiratory/lung disease, chronic heart failure, diabetes, and chronic liver or kidney disease.
COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes respiratory illnesses with mild to severe symptoms. People at high risk such as the elderly, immunocompromised people, and those with underlying diseases are more likely to develop severe symptoms, be hospitalized, or even die. In addition, there is a chance of long-term complications called Long COVID, even after recovering from the disease.