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The main cause of spinal fractures is an accident that results in injury or fracture to the spinal structure. These typically occur in the cervical spine and thoracolumbar spine.

High-energy trauma, such as falls from heights, car, or motorcycle accidents.
Low-energy trauma, which is often observed in elderly people with osteoporosis. Examples include slips and falls.

Patients will experience severe pain at the site of the fracture, along with difficulty in movement. If the nerves or spinal cord are injured, it can lead to numbness or weakness.

X-rays of the painful location.
Computed tomography (CT scan): This is done to see the details of the fracture configuration.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This is required when the patient exhibits symptoms of nerve or spinal cord compression.

The treatment depends on the severity of the spinal fracture.

Stable fractures: Non-surgical treatment may be implemented. This involves the use of a cervical collar/orthosis or thoracolumbar orthosis.
Unstable fractures or those causing compression on the nerves or spinal cord: Surgical treatment is required.

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