Gastric Cancer Screening: Early Detection Saves Lives

 
What is Gastric Cancer?
Gastric cancer, or stomach cancer, happens when harmful cells grow in the stomach lining. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with risk factors including diet, genetics, and infections like Helicobacter pylori. Knowing these risks can help you take steps to protect yourself and spot the disease early.
 
The Global Impact of Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, especially in countries like Japan, South Korea, and China. Even with advances in medicine, survival rates remain low, particularly when cancer is found at later stages. That is why early detection is so important—it can make a real difference.
 
Why Should You Consider Gastric Cancer Screening?
Screening can detect gastric cancer early, often before symptoms appear, improving the chances of successful treatment and better outcomes. Most importantly, when caught early, gastric cancer can be cured through endoscopic resection, avoiding the need for surgery. The need for screening depends on where you live and your individual risk factors, making personalized health plans essential.
 
Key Screening Methods

1. Upper Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera is used to look inside the stomach and take samples. This is the best method for detecting early signs of cancer or precancerous changes, like gastric atrophy. While it is more invasive, its high accuracy makes it worth considering.
2. Contrast Radiography (Barium Swallow): A less invasive option, this test involves drinking a barium solution that coats the stomach and helps X-rays show abnormalities. It is easier to undergo but less sensitive than endoscopy, especially for early-stage cancers.

 
Which Screening Method is Better?
Research shows that endoscopy is more effective at detecting early-stage gastric cancer compared to radiography. A large study from South Korea demonstrated that endoscopy had higher detection rates, reinforcing its value in screening programs.
 
Screening Effectiveness: What to Consider
In regions where gastric cancer is common, screening has shown to reduce death rates by catching the disease early. However, universal screening for everyone has not been proven to lower mortality across all populations. Factors like timing and who is screened affect outcomes.
 
Who Should Get Screened?

• High-risk areas: Countries with high gastric cancer rates, like China, Japan and Korea, recommend regular screening for adults over a certain age. In Korea, for instance, it is advised that everyone aged 40 and older undergo screening every two years.
• Low-risk areas: Screening is advised for those with higher risk, including people with genetic conditions (like Lynch syndrome), chronic gastritis, or a family history of gastric cancer.

 
Prevention Strategies
In high-risk regions, eliminating Helicobacter pylori infection can greatly lower the chances of developing gastric cancer. This proactive approach is essential to reducing cancer rates worldwide.
 
Early Detection is the Key
Understanding gastric cancer screening means considering both your location and personal risk factors. If you are worried about gastric cancer, talk to your healthcare provider about whether screening is right for you. Early detection can lead to more effective treatment, so it is important to make informed decisions about your health.
 
At Bumrungrad International Hospital, the Digestive Disease (GI) Center offers comprehensive screening and treatment for gastric cancer. Equipped with advanced diagnostic tools and a team of experienced specialists, the GI Center focuses on early detection and personalized care. Whether you need an upper endoscopy, contrast radiography, or consultations for risk factors like Helicobacter pylori infection, Bumrungrad’s GI Center provides world-class expertise and support for your digestive health. Early intervention at the right facility can greatly improve outcomes, and Bumrungrad ensures you receive the highest standard of care every step of the way.
 

By Asst. Prof. Dr. Veeravich Jaruvongvanich, Gastroenterology and Hepatology