ESD is a medical procedure using a flexible endoscope with a camera attached to its tip to remove abnormal tissues or lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth or rectum, allowing precise removal of abnormal tissues with minimal complications and shorter recovery time.

1. Preoperative Preparation: Patients prepare similarly to routine endoscopy, with additional evaluations to assess the size, location, and type of lesions.
2. Anesthesia: Patients receive sedation or general anesthesia for maximum comfort.
3. Endoscopic Examination: The endoscope is inserted through the mouth or rectum to reach the lesion.
4. Marking the Lesion: The boundaries of the lesion are marked, and a substance is injected beneath the lesion to lift it and separate it from deeper layers.
5. Cutting and Removal: Specialized tools are used to cut and precisely remove the lesion.
6. Tissue Examination: The removed tissue is retrieved in one piece for detailed pathological examination.
7. Wound Closure (if needed): Small internal wounds may be closed, preserving the gastrointestinal structure.

ESD is suitable for patients diagnosed with:

• Early-stage cancers in the esophagus, stomach, colon, or rectum.
• Precancerous polyps or lesions with a high risk of developing into cancer.
• Certain submucosal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract.

• No abdominal incision, reducing pain and speeding recovery.
• Complete removal of lesions along with surrounding tissues.
• Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days.

While ESD is highly safe, some risks include:

• Minor bleeding: Usually controlled during the procedure.
• Gastrointestinal perforation: Rare and often managed during the procedure.
• Infection: Low risk, similar to other medical interventions.

Recovery is usually quick, with most patients returning to daily routines in a few days. Dietary adjustments may be recommended to aid healing, and follow-ups are essential for monitoring.

For suitable candidates, ESD offers several advantages:

• Minimally invasive with no large surgical incision, reducing pain and complications.
• High precision, ideal for early-stage cancer, enabling complete lesion removal.

ESD may be appropriate if you have early-stage cancer or high-risk lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Consultation with a specialist is essential to evaluate suitability and plan the most effective treatment.