Symptoms may vary from person to person, but if one or more of the following signs occur, it is important to consider that the individual may be experiencing delirium:

• Increased sleepiness or drowsiness, more than usual, and speaking less
• Increased restlessness or agitation, not able to sleep
• Hallucinations, such as seeing people or objects that are not present
• Easily distracted, lack of focus, and restlessness
• Disorganized speech, confusion, and losing track of the day, time, or location

Delirium usually develops quickly, within hours or days, and symptoms can fluctuate throughout the day. This condition is more commonly observed in older adults than in other age groups.

 

• Older adults aged 65 years and above
• Those with dementia or other neurological disorders
• Those with a history of acute confusion
• Those with vision or hearing impairments
• Those who have lost the ability to perform daily activities independently or have mobility issues (e.g., difficulty getting out of bed)
• Individuals who are hospitalized
• Those with serious chronic conditions or in the terminal stage of illness
• Those who regularly take multiple medications

Delirium is considered a medical emergency that requires immediate attention, as it can indicate an underlying physical issue, not a mental disorder. Important physical conditions that can cause acute confusion include:

• Infection. Common infections in older adults include urinary tract infections and pneumonia. However, acute confusion can also result from infections in other parts of the body, such as skin infections, abdominal infections, or blood infections.
• Other Physical Conditions: These include low blood sugar, imbalances in acids and electrolytes, constipation, urinary retention, or other physical illnesses.
• Medications. Many types of medication can cause acute confusion in older adults, particularly those that affect the brain, or when multiple medications are used. Examples include decongestants, muscle relaxants, strong painkillers, sleeping pills, antidepressants, and Parkinson’s disease medications. If the patient has recently started a new medication, had a change in dosage, or experienced confusion shortly after taking a new medication, it is important to stop the medication and consult a doctor.

In some cases, suddenly stopping certain medications, such as sleeping pills, which have been taken for a long time, can also trigger acute confusion.

• Brain Function Abnormalities: Conditions like seizures or stroke can also contribute to acute confusion.

• Avoid starting or stopping medications, supplements, or herbal remedies on your own. Always consult a doctor before using any new medication.
• If you feel unwell or experience any health symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. If confusion develops, stop any questionable medications and take the patient to the doctor, as it may be caused by an underlying issue that requires urgent treatment.
• If hospitalization or surgery is required, ensure that the doctor evaluates the risk of acute confusion and takes preventive measures.