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Oral Care for Older Adults

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Oral health is a crucial component of older adults' overall well-being, affecting not only nutrition and digestion but also potentially leading to pneumonia, prosthetic joint infections, and sepsis if oral hygiene is neglected. Furthermore, oral health impacts quality of life by influencing mood, social interactions, and self-confidence.

Common Oral Problems Found in Older Adults:
  1. Tooth wear and gum recession: If there is no sensitivity and oral hygiene is maintained well, this is usually not a major issue. However, if there is discomfort, it’s recommended to visit a dentist for treatment.
  2. Darker tooth color: This may occur naturally with age or due to stains from food, beverages, or certain medications, such as iron supplements.
  3. Root decay: This often affects multiple teeth and may progress deep into the tooth base or root. It is usually caused by poor oral hygiene and frequent consumption of sugary foods and snacks. The risk is higher if the mouth is dry due to reduced saliva production.
  4. Gingivitis (gum inflammation): Characterized by red, swollen, and easily bleeding gums, this condition is common in older adults.
  5. Loose teeth: This is often caused by periodontitis or the destruction of the bone supporting the teeth. Older adults with diabetes or those who smoke are at higher risk of developing periodontitis.
  6. Dry lips and reduced saliva production: These can be side effects of various medications or result from radiation therapy to the face and head.
  7. Altered taste sensation: This can cause food to taste less enjoyable, leading to a loss of appetite.
  8. Thinning of oral mucosa: This makes oral ulcers more likely to develop.
  9. Sores under denture bases and fungal infections: This is especially common in individuals who wear dentures overnight. Additionally, ill-fitting dentures can cause saliva to accumulate in the corners of the mouth, leading to infections. Some people may also experience a burning sensation in the mouth.
  10. Untreated sores on the gums, tongue, or inner cheeks: These can increase the risk of oral cancer, particularly in individuals with a long history of smoking or alcohol consumption.
It is recommended to visit the dentist regularly every 6 months or as advised by the dentist.

Ensure that all four essential oral care practices are followed:
  1. Plaque removal: Brush teeth thoroughly, and consider using mouthwash if recommended by the dentist. Older adults should generally use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gently brush repeatedly in the same area, rather than using a hard-bristled brush and scrubbing vigorously. If the toothbrush handle is difficult to grip, consider using one with a larger handle or an interdental brush instead of dental floss. Consult with the dentist for guidance on suitable oral care products.
  2. Enhancing tooth mineralization: Use fluoride or calcium phosphate to enhance tooth mineralization. Ensure these substances remain in contact with the teeth for at least 2 minutes during brushing. Alternatively, mouthwash may be used, especially when there is a higher risk of infection. Recommended mouthwashes should contain fluoride, be antiseptic, and alcohol-free. Toothpaste should also contain fluoride in concentrations of 1450-1500 parts per million (ppm). For older adults with dry mouth, stomatitis, or allergic reactions to toothpaste, choose products labeled as "free of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)." Avoid whitening toothpastes, as they contain abrasives that may irritate the mouth.
  3. Stimulating saliva production: If saliva production is reduced due to medications, consult a doctor to explore alternative medications with fewer side effects. Additionally, discuss the use of artificial saliva or techniques to stimulate saliva production with your doctor or dentist.
  4. Maintain a nutritious diet: Include vegetables and fruits in your diet to help stimulate saliva production. Foods rich in calcium can enhance mineralization. Limit carbohydrate and sugar intake to reduce the risk of tooth decay (recommended sugar intake should not exceed 6 teaspoons per day).
 
For older adults who are homebound or bedridden, it is important to consult with a dentist for advice on proper oral care and how to prevent oral health issues.

 
Last modify: January 08, 2025

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