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Small Intestine Cancer

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Small intestine cancer is a rare type of cancer caused by abnormal cell growth that affects the digestive system. The small intestine, the longest part of the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in digestion and nutrient absorption.

Types of Small Intestine Cancer
There are four main types of small intestine cancer:
  • Adenocarcinomas
    • Develops in gland cells near the small intestine lining.
    • Accounts for about one-third of all small intestine cancers.
  • Carcinoid Tumors
    • A type of neuroendocrine tumor (NET).
    • Characterized by slow growth and is the most common type.
  • Lymphomas
    • Originates from lymphocytes, a part of the immune system.
    • Can occur anywhere in the body, including the small intestine.
  • Sarcomas
    • Develops from connective tissues such as muscles.
    • The most common type in the small intestine is Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs).
  • Abdominal pain.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Unexplained weight loss.
  • Fatigue and weakness.
  • Dark-colored stools (indicating bleeding into the intestine).
  • Anemia (low red blood cell count).
  • Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).
  1. Blood Tests
    • To check for markers or abnormalities linked to the disease.
  2. Double Contrast Barium Enema
    • Detects irregularities in the intestinal mucosa, including thickened areas, irregular folds, or narrowing of the small intestine.
  3. Endoscopy
    • Direct visualization of the intestine to identify tumors or abnormalities.
  4. Biopsy
    • Tissue sampling to confirm cancer.
  5. Imaging Techniques
    • Ultrasound, MRI, CT Scan, and Endoscopic Ultrasound: These methods detect thickened intestinal walls, tumor extent, and lymph node involvement, as well as assess nearby organs such as the liver.
    • PET/CT Scan: Provides detailed imaging for staging and spread.
  1. Surgery
    • Selected based on the tumor’s location and severity.
    • Procedures include removal of part of the small intestine and pancreas head, segmental small intestine resection, or partial gastrectomy.
  2. Radiation and Chemotherapy
    • Often less effective for small intestine cancer.
    • Chemotherapy can prolong survival, while combining chemotherapy and radiation during or after surgery may improve surgical outcomes and reduce recurrence rates.
  3. Targeted Therapy
    • Uses medications that specifically target cancer cells to inhibit growth and spread.
Last modify: December 11, 2024

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