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Venous Thromboembolism: VTE

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The estimate incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is around 142-300 per 100,000 person-year. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs more frequently after long airplane trip, hospital admission and surgery.

Type
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition in which a blood clot forms most often in the deep veins of the leg, groin or arm (known as deep vein thrombosis, DVT) and travels in the circulation, lodging in the lungs (known as pulmonary embolism, PE).
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, it can be very serious because blood clots in your veins can break loose, travel through your bloodstream and lodge in your lungs, blocking blood flow (pulmonary embolism).
Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs. In most cases, pulmonary embolism is caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from deep veins in the legs
 
  • Slow blood flow, often due to limited movement.
  • Pooling of blood in a vein.
  • Injury to a blood vessel.
  • Clotting problems (can occur due to medication, aging or disease).
  • Catheters placed in a vein.
Symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
  • Pain in your leg or calf
  • Swollen arm, leg, or ankle
  • Hardened vein, painful when pressed on
  • Change of skin color of legs to dull green
  • Red or discolored skin on the leg
  • A feeling of warmth in the affected leg due to enlarged vein
 
Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest Pain
  • Palpitation
  • Cough
  • Lightheadedness
  
  • Anticoagulant drugs to prevent the additional clot formation or to dissolve blood clot.
  • Surgery to remove blood clot from the vein.
  •  
    Possible Problem related to disease
    • Respiratory Failure
    • Hypoxia
    • Cardiac Arrest
    • Hypotension
  • Not sitting too long. Get up frequently and move around.
  • Avoiding factors that lead to blood clot formation or poor blood circulation such as smoking, dehydration and trauma.
  • Wearing compression stocking to allow more venous blood flow.
  • Taking anticoagulant medication if advised by the doctor.
 

Medical Advice for Patient who Travel on Long Airplane Flights

  • Drink plenty of fluids. Water is the best liquid for preventing dehydration, which can contribute to the development of blood clots. Avoid alcohol, which contributes to fluid loss.
  • Take a break from sitting. Move around the airplane cabin once an hour.
  • Fidget in your seat. Flex your ankles every 15 to 30 minutes.
  • Wear support stockings. Your doctor may recommend these to help promote circulation and fluid movement in your legs.

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