• Electrophysiology Study is a procedure which examines the heart’s electrical signals and electrical pathways. It is used to investigate the cause and location of any abnormal electrical activities that lead to irregular heart rhythms. The results of the electrophysiology study are displayed in 3-dimensional graphic images, facilitating accurate diagnosis and enabling doctors to choose the proper treatment. After completing this diagnostic study, the doctors can also administer treatment immediately by applying radiofrequency waves during the same session. 

High-energy radiofrequency is used to eliminate the abnormality from which the irregular heartbeat originates. This is achieved by inserting a catheter into the heart so that the radiofrequency waves can be delivered with great precision to the exact area of the abnormal electrical activity.

• Radiofrequency Ablation with the CARTO system is a treatment technique which uses real-time 3-dimensional maps to locate and eliminate the abnormal electrical activity. A catheter and radiofrequency waves are used to destroy the pathways causing the abnormal heart rhythm. This technique is effective in treating a wide variety of abnormal electrical activities such as:
  • Irregular heartbeat of the upper chambers (atrial tachycardia) 
  • Quivering heartbeat of the upper chambers (atrial fibrillation)
  • Rapid heartbeat of the lower chambers (ventricular tachycardia)
  • Rapid heartbeat of the upper chambers (supraventricular tachycardia)
• A Pacemaker is a small electronic device to help regulate the heart rhythm. The pacemaker is placed under the skin near the collarbone with a lead extending from the device to the heart. The lead allows the device to control and increase the heart rate. It is used to treat a slow heart rate. 
• An Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) is similar to a pacemaker. The ICD is implanted under the skin with a lead extending from the device to the heart. If the device detects a rhythm that is too slow, it will stimulate the heartbeat. When the heart beats too quickly and the patient’s life is threatened, the ICD will restore a normal heart rate to save the patient’s life.   
• Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) is similar to the implantation of a pacemaker or ICD. A cardiac resynchronization device is implanted under the skin to treat chronic heart failure when drug treatment has proven ineffective. The implanted device enables the heart muscle to function properly.