Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of
stroke that occurs when there is bleeding in the space surrounding the brain. This bleeding can lead to severe headaches,
neck pain, nausea, confusion, and even loss of consciousness. It is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention and treatment. In this article, we will provide an overview of subarachnoid hemorrhage, including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and available treatments, including endovascular treatment and surgical clipping.
Symptoms of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
The symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage can vary depending on the severity and location of the bleed, but common symptoms include:
- Severe headache: This is often described as the "worst headache of my life or thunderclap headache" and is the most common symptom of a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- Neck pain: This is often accompanied by stiffness or tenderness in the neck.
- Nausea and vomiting: These symptoms may be present in the early stages of the condition.
- Confusion: This can range from mild disorientation to severe confusion and loss of consciousness.
- Loss of consciousness
- Seizures
Causes of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
The most common causes are
- Ruptured aneurysm, which is a weak spot in a blood vessel that bulges and can burst.
- Head injury: A head injury can cause bleeding in the space surrounding the brain and lead to a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- Blood disorders: Certain blood disorders, such as an inherited bleeding disorder, can increase the risk of a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- Certain medical procedures: Some medical procedures can cause bleeding in the space surrounding the brain.
Diagnosis of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Diagnosing a subarachnoid hemorrhage typically involves a combination of a physical exam, imaging tests, and laboratory tests. Imaging tests, such as a
CT scan or
MRI, can help to identify the presence of bleeding in the space surrounding the brain. A spinal tap, also known as a lumbar puncture, can be used to test for the presence of blood in the fluid surrounding the brain.
Treatment for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Treatment for a subarachnoid hemorrhage typically involves controlling the bleeding and managing symptoms. This may include medication to reduce swelling, prevent seizures, and manage pain. In some
cases, surgery may be needed to repair the ruptured aneurysm. Surgical options include Endovascular treatment and Surgical clipping.
Endovascular Treatment for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Endovascular treatment is a minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgery for repairing a ruptured aneurysm. During this procedure, a small catheter is inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the site of the aneurysm. A device, such as a coil, is then used to block off the aneurysm and prevent further bleeding.
Endovascular treatment has several advantages over traditional surgery, including a shorter recovery time, less pain, and a lower risk of complications. However, it may not be suitable for everyone, and your doctor will be able to advise you on the best treatment option for your individual needs.
Surgical Clipping for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Surgical clipping is another treatment option for a ruptured aneurysm that is causing a subarachnoid hemorrhage. During this procedure, a neurosurgeon will make an incision in the skull and remove a small section of the skull to access the aneurysm. A metal clip is then placed around the base of the aneurysm to prevent it from rupturing and bleeding.
Surgical clipping is a more invasive procedure than endovascular treatment, but it can be necessary for larger or more complex aneurysms. The recovery time for this procedure can be longer than for endovascular treatment, and there may be a higher risk of complications. However, it can be a highly effective treatment for a subarachnoid hemorrhage, and your doctor will be able to advise you on the best treatment option for your individual needs.
Conclusion
In conclusion, a subarachnoid hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention and treatment. The most common cause is a ruptured aneurysm, and treatment options include endovascular treatment and surgical clipping. Your doctor will be able to advise you on the best treatment option for your individual needs, based on the severity and location of the bleed, as well as your overall health and medical history. If you experience any of the symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.
By Dr. Pavis Laengvejkal
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Last modify: July 28, 2023